Eczema (Atopic dermatitis) is a condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin. It’s common in young children but can occur at any age. Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare sometimes. It can be irritating but it’s not contagious.
Symptoms
- Dry, cracked skin
- Itchiness
- Rash on swollen skin that varies in color depending on your skin color
- Small, raised bumps, on brown or Black skin
- Oozing and crusting
- Thickened skin
- Darkening of the skin around the eyes
- Raw, sensitive skin from scratching
When to see a doctor?
- Has symptoms of atopic dermatitis
- Is so uncomfortable that the condition is affecting sleep and daily activities
- Has a skin infection — look for new streaks, pus, yellow scabs
- Has symptoms even after trying self-care steps
- Fever and the rash looks infected.
Causes
- In some people, atopic dermatitis is related to a gene variation that affects the skin’s ability to provide protection.
- With a weak barrier function, the skin is less able to retain moisture and protect against bacteria, irritants, allergens and environmental factors — such as tobacco smoke.
- In other people, atopic dermatitis is caused by too much of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus on the skin. This displaces helpful bacteria and disrupts the skin’s barrier function.
- A weak skin barrier function might also trigger an immune system response that causes the inflamed skin and other symptoms.
Risk factors
The main risk factor for atopic dermatitis is having had eczema, allergies, hay fever or asthma in the past. Having family members with these conditions also increases your risk.
Complications
Complications of atopic dermatitis (eczema) may include:
- Asthma and hay fever. Many people with atopic dermatitis develop asthma and hay fever.
- Food allergies. People with atopic dermatitis often develop food allergies. One of the main symptoms of this condition is hives (urticaria).
- Chronic itchy, scaly skin. A skin condition called neurodermatitis (lichen simplex chronicus) starts with a patch of itchy skin.
- Patches of skin that’s darker or lighter than the surrounding area. This complication after the rash has healed is called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation.
- Skin infections. Repeated scratching that breaks the skin can cause open sores and cracks. These increase the risk of infection from bacteria and viruses.
- Irritant hand dermatitis. This especially affects people whose hands are often wet and exposed to harsh soaps, detergents and disinfectant at work.
- Allergic contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis is an itchy rash caused by touching substances you’re allergic to. The color of the rash varies depending on your skin color.
- Sleep problems. The itchiness of atopic dermatitis can interfere with sleep.
- Mental health conditions. Atopic dermatitis is associated with depression and anxiety.
Triggers-
- Rough wool fabric
- Dry skin
- Skin infection
- Heat and sweat
- Stress
- Cleaning products
- Dust mites and pet dander
- Mold
- Pollen
- Smoke from tobacco
- Cold and dry air
- Fragrances
- Other irritating chemicals
Infants and children may have flares triggered by eating certain foods, such as eggs and cow’s milk. Talk with your child’s health care provider about identifying potential food allergies.
Treatment Principles:-
- Kushtha chikitsa
- Vicarchika chikitsa
- Acute stage – Pitakapha hara cikitsa (ruksha kapha hara oushadhas)
- Chronic stage – Vatakapaha hara cikitsa (snigdha kapha hara oushadhas)
- Raktaprasadana oushadhas
- Shopha hara & srava hara oushadhas
Treatment modalities:-
- Kshalanam
- Dhara
- Lepanam
- Snehapanam
- Vamanam
- Virechanam
- Jalukavacaranam
- Pracchana
Kashaya:-
- Amrtottaram kashaya
- Asanädi gapa kashaya
- Aragwadhadi kashaya Aragwadhamstädi kashaya Guggulutiktakam kashaya
- Gulücyadi kashaya
- Katakakhadirädi kashaya Mahätiktakam kashaya
- Manjishthadi kashaya
- Nalpamaradi kashaya
- Navakarshikam kashaya
- Nimbädi kashaya
- Nisöttamadi kashaya
- Pancatiktakam kashaya
- Patoladi kashaya
- Patoladi gana kashaya
- Patolamuladi kashaya
- Punarnnavadi kashaya
- Sonitamtam kashaya
- Tiktakam kashaya
- Triphala (ext) kashaya
- Vajrakam kashaya
Better to avoid arishtas and asvas in oozing stage: –
- Aragwadhadyasavam
- Khadirarishtam
- Lohasavam
- Mulakadyarishtam Nimbadyarishtam
- Nimbamstasavam
Churna:-
- Avipatti churna
- Avipattikara churna
- Madhusnuhi churna
- Madhusnuhyādi churna
- Mustämrtädi churna
- Nalpamara churna
- Nimbaharidradi churna
- Nimbapatradi churna
- Pancanimba churna
- Shadhdharana churna
- Siddharthakadi snana churna
- Triphala churna
- Yashtitriphala churna
Lepa:-
- Mahatiktakam lepa
- Nimba kalkka lepa
- Rasottamadi lepa
- Vicharcchikari lepa (pt)
Gulika/Vati/Guggulu:
- Amrita guggulu
- Kaishora guggulu
- Panchanimbadi gulika
- Panchatikta ghrita guggulu
- Triphala guggulu
- Vilwadi gulika
Taila:-
- Adityapaka taila
- Ayyappala taila & kera
- Dinesailadi taila & kera
- Dinesavalyadi taila & kera
- Elaadi kera
- Guggulumaricadi kera & taila
- Nimbamtadi taila & kera
- Pamantaka taila
- Parantyādi kera & taila
- Vajrakam taila
- Vellaruku taila
Ghrta:-
- Aragwadha mahatiktakam Ghrita
- Guggulutiktakam Gritha Mahatiktakam Ghrita Panchatiktakam Ghrita
- Tiktakam Ghrita
- Vajrakam Ghrita
Lehya:-
- Gandhakaraja rasayanam
- Guggulutiktaka madhusnuhi rasayana
- Haridra khanda
- Kalyana gulam
- Madhusnuhi rasayanam-big
- Manibhadra gulam
Bhasma:-
- Gandhaka bhasma
- Talaka bhasma
Rasa/ dhatu/ loha preparations:-
- Arogyavarddhini rasa
- Rasa manikya
- Gandhaka rasayana
Wholesome diet and habits in Eczema
- Laghu Anna (Light food)
- Tikta Shaka(Bitter vegetables)
- Purana Dhanya(Older grains)
- Jangala Mamsa (Flesh of desert animals)
- Mudga(Greengram)
- Patola(snake gourd)
- Shali-Shastika – rice harvested in 60 days
- Yava – barley
- Godhuma – wheat
- In cold countries, for those people who are allergic to gluten, wheat might not be ideal.
Unwholesome diet and habits in Eczema
- Guru anna (heavy food intake) – causes indigestion and imbalance of Kapha, leading to worsening of itching.
- Dugdha (excess of milk and dairy products) – causes Kapha increase, leading to itching and excessive secretion
- Amla Rasa (Sour food – causes pitta imbalance
- Dadhi (curd) – causes pitta increase
- Anupa Mamsa(Marshy flesh)
- Matsya(Fish)
- Guda (Jaggery)
- Tila – Seasame
- Kulattha (Horse gram)
- Masha(Black gram)
- Vidahi Anna(Spicy food)
- Ikshu Vikara (Sugarcane derivatives)
- Lavana (Salty food)
Prevention
Developing a basic skin care routine may help prevent eczema flares. The following tips may help reduce the drying effects of bathing:
- Moisturize your skin at least twice a day. Creams, ointments, shea butter and lotions seal in moisture.
Using petroleum jelly on your baby’s skin may help prevent development of atopic dermatitis. - Take a daily bath or shower. Use warm, rather than hot, water and limit your bath or shower to about 10 minutes.
- Use a gentle, nonsoap cleanser. Choose a cleanser that’s free of dyes, alcohols and fragrance. For young children, you usually need only warm water to get them clean — no soap or bubble bath needed. Soap can be especially irritating to the skin of young children.
- Pat dry. After bathing, gently pat the skin with a soft towel. Apply moisturizer while your skin is still damp (within three minutes).
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